The fertile valley of the ancient Vitasta river (now Jhelum) in the northernmost tip of the Indian subcontinent has been a lush playground for spiritual philosophy since ancient times. Its influences included the spread of philosophies of Buddhism to China and Tibet as well as of various schools of Hinduism to rest of India and southeast Asia. One of the most important contributions of the classical philosophical current of Kashmir has been the study and practice of Agama texts or Shaiva Tantras. This philosophical current constitutes what we know as Kashmir Shaivism.
Shaivism in Kashmir has been attributed by Kalhana as having been practiced since times well before the emperor Ashoka. However, one of the primary spearheads of Kashmir Shaivism, Abhinavgupta, stands apart of all others. A Brahmin of Atri gotra, Abhinav was the son of Narasimhagupta. Narasimha was invited from his home at Ujjain in central India to Pravarapura, the city The fertile valley of the ancient Vitasta river (now Jhelum) in the northernmost tip of the Indian subcontinent has been a lush playground for spiritual philosophy since ancient times. Its influences included the spread of philosophies of Buddhism to China and Tibet as well as of various schools of Hinduism to rest of India and southeast Asia. One of the most important contributions of the classical philosophical current of Kashmir has been the study and practice of Agama texts or Shaiva Tantras. This philosophical current constitutes what we know as Kashmir Shaivism.
Shaivism in Kashmir has been attributed by Kalhana as having been practiced since times well before the emperor Ashoka. However, one of the primary spearheads of Kashmir Shaivism, Abhinavgupta, stands apart of all others. A Brahmin of Atri gotra, Abhinav was the son of Narasimhagupta. Narasimha was invited from his home at Ujjain in central India to Pravarapura, the city

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