Simanim of Rosh HaShanaGemara & SourcesRosh HaShana: Two girsaos — one to see the Simanim, one to eat them.Krisus: Only mentions eating.Shulchan Aruch: Rules to eat the Simanim.Poskim: If one cannot eat (allergies, bugs), seeing suffices.Kaf HaChaim: Yehi Ratzons may be recited even without Simanim present.Second NightElya Rabba, Eishel Avraham: Limited to first night (“beginning of the year”).Rav Elyashiv: Did Simanim at all meals.Hashem’s Name in Yehi RatzonShulchan Aruch: Omits.Elya Rabba/Mishna Berurah: Includes.Apple in HoneyDebate: must the apple itself be sweet?Rav Yaakov Kamenetzky: Yes, use a sweet apple.Bracha on Apple & OrderFruits eaten for siman, not satiation → require a bracha.Yehi Ratzon ideally said with food in front, but may be hefsek.Solution: make bracha, take a bite, then say Yehi Ratzon.Other Simanim (no bracha): Yehi Ratzon said before eating.Which Fruit for HaEtzShulchan Aruch: Priority to Shivas HaMinim (dates before pomegranates/apples).RSZA, Kaf HaChaim: Bracha on dates.Minhag: Many make bracha on apple; Kaf HaChaim explains this only works if other fruits aren’t on the table.NutsReMA: Many avoid walnuts — gematria “chet” & issues with davening.Magen Avraham: Hazelnuts same issue. Peanuts permitted.Rav Moshe Stern: walnut as minor ingredient fine; “walnut cake” problematic.Vinegar / Bitter FoodsMagen Avraham, MB, Mateh Efraim: Avoid vinegar, bitter, and sour foods.Only applies if the food tastes bitter.General PrincipleOne may not eat before mitzvos (Gemara Brachos). Applies to Tekios.PoskimMagen Avraham, Trumas HaDeshen: Even tasting prohibited.Rishonim: Some distinguish arai vs. keva.Mishna Berurah, Chayei Adam: Only light snack permitted if great need.Mateh Efraim: Same for Tekios, privately if necessary.Yeshiva MinhagLenient due to long davening — considered a great need.What Counts as Arai?Fruits, meat, fish = permitted.Cake/mezonos: danger zone. More than k’beitza = seuda → prohibited.MB: Al HaMichya after kzayis cake.Rav Moshe/Brisker Rav: Disagree — other ingredients don’t count as grain. Must be actual kzayis of flour.Practical Rosh HaShana ConcernIf machmir like Rav Moshe, eating cake to shiur → prohibited keva before Tekios.Safer: less than k’beitza of grain-dense foods.Gedolei PsakRav Henkin: opposed Kiddush pre-Tekios (“minhag ra”).Rav Gifter: defended Yeshiva practice.Rav Henkin: cites Mishnah in Peah — even minority psak may be correct.Eating Before Tekios

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