1 – Davar GushThe MaHarSHaL holds that the principle of Kli Sheini eino mevashel applies only to liquids; a solid retains Kli Rishonstatus as long as it is yad soledes. The ReMA disagrees, arguing that liquids retain heat longer than solids, and thus solids in a Kli Sheini are not considered mevashel.Some Acharonim explain that even the MaHarSHaL only distinguished in Issur V’Heter (bl’ios), but regarding Bishul he agrees that solids in a Kli Sheini lose Kli Rishon status. The Magen Avraham, however, rules like the MaHarSHaL even for Bishul. The Mishnah Berurah writes one should be choshesh for the Magen Avraham, though b’dieved the food is not prohibited.The Pischei Teshuva, citing Acharonim, differentiates between a solid simply placed in a Kli Sheini and one submerged in liquid (e.g., kneidel in soup). A submerged solid does not carry the stringency. Additionally, only the inside of a non-submerged solid retains Bishul status, while the cooled exterior does not.Practical examples:Ketchup: A liquid that cooled. Ashkenazi poskim generally rule stringently. Rav Moshe held the two stringencies (liquid + davar gush) are not combined, so ketchup is permitted. Rav Elyashiv prohibited in general, but permitted ketchup as a thick “dry” item.Yerushalmi kugel with pickle / potato kugel with coleslaw: Rav Elyashiv, Rav Wosner, and Dayan Fisher were stringent. Rav Shlomo Zalman permitted based on several tz’rufim (no intent, minor effect, kilkul, etc.), given that the whole concept is a chumra.2 – Stirring FoodThe Braisa in Beitza prohibits stirring since it hastens Bishul. Most Rishonim: only if not fully cooked. Beis Yosef (Kol Bo): even fully cooked, if still on the fire, stirring is Bishul.Removing food with a spoon is a derabanan form of stirring. According to Kol Bo, removing cholent on the fire is prohibited. The Mishnah Berurah, Rav Shulchan Aruch, Chayei Adam, and Elyah Rabba are stringent, though the Shaarei Tzion questions it—so b’dieved the food is fine.Two approaches:Pri Megadim / Chazon Ish (per Rav Moshe, Dibros): Stirring redistributes heat and flavors, furthering cooking.Rav Moshe (Igros): Some beans remain undercooked due to sticking; stirring exposes them.Difficulties: it seems a safek, only applies on the fire, and would preclude returning food to the fire.Acharonim (Rav Moshe, Avnei Nezer, Rav Shlomo Zalman): even if fully cooked, stirring on the fire is assur derabanan, since it’s hard to ensure everything is cooked.Applications:Pot of soup/water: If reason is beans sticking, no issue; if redistribution of flavor, then prohibited. Rav Moshe/Avnei Nezer permit liquids; Ketzos HaShulchan prohibits.Rav Moshe: problem only if ladle goes fully in, not skimming top.Chazon Ish: Kol Bo is not relevant—since pot is stirred before Shabbos, issue of initial stir is gone. (Rav Chaim noted that Chazon Ish was strict on blechs, so lenient here.)3 – Returning Pot CoversGemara Chullin compares covering a pot to stirring.Question: returning a cover while pot is on the fire, or placing cover after chazara.If issue is beans sticking or flavor distribution, it wouldn’t apply.If concern is leading to further Bishul (Tiferes Shmuel; Rav Moshe), it does apply. The Shmiras Shabbos K’Hilchaso rules stringently as well.Other Acharonim (Ketzos HaShulchan, Rav Elyashiv, Rav Nissim Karelitz): not an issue, since none of the classical sources mention it.Rav Reuven Feinstein reported that Rav Moshe himself sometimes returned the cover without objection.

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