Counterfactual thinking explores alternative historical outcomes by questioning what might have occurred if events had unfolded differently. Historians use this method when scenarios are plausible and impactful. Organizations often aim for machine-like predictability, but real-world complexities require flexibility. Modern organizations resemble living organisms, demanding adaptive management, contrasting with rigid, machine-like control.

#counterfactualthinking, #history, #adaptivemanagement, #organization, #complexity, #flexibility, #alternativeoutcomes

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