In this episode of the RegulatingAI podcast, host Sanjay Puri speaks with Professor Edward Santow, former Australian Human Rights Commissioner and co-director of the Human Technology Institute. Together, they explore how algorithms intended to support justice can actually perpetuate discrimination. Key topics include: How Australia’s largest police force used AI to profile Indigenous youth The consequences of using historical data without correcting historical bias Why system-level harms from AI demand policy-level responses What governments must do to protect rights while embracing innovation A sobering and essential conversation about AI, justice, and what ethical governance looks like in practice.  Resources Mentioned: https://www.linkedin.com/in/esantow/  ⏱️ Timestamps: 0:00 Podcast Highlights  1:34 Ed’s background and journey into technology governance  2:12 The 'aha' moment: an algorithm targeting young people based on race  5:36 Finding a balance between AI's dystopian problems and positive use cases  9:07 The global fear of missing out (FOMO) and the trade-off with fundamental rights  11:12 Why innovation and regulation are not a trade-off  12:22 Comparing the AI regulatory approaches of the EU, US, and China  13:57 Australia's practical, non-ideological approach to AI  15:45 How Australia is building its niche on liberal democratic values  19:22 The shift from "fluffy principles" to practical AI safety standards  22:37 The three most common issues for corporate leaders in AI governance  23:08 The problem with the "AI guru" model of governance  25:08 The "dirty secret" of AI and the importance of engaging workers  35:24 The impact of AI on jobs and the workplace  40:28 The Asia-Pacific region's role in AI governance  44:07 Preserving indigenous cultures and languages in AI training data  47:14 The concentration of power in a handful of AI companies  50:09 Facial recognition: good uses vs. bad uses  53:57 Lightning round of questions  55:22 Conclusion and farewell 

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