VASOCONSTRICTORSAdrenaline / Epinephrine          o 200 μg – limit for normal healthy personPROPERTIES Or ACTIONS          o Increased duration          o Reduces bleeding          o Decreases toxicity****PRESERVATIVESodium meta bisulphate          o Preserves vasoconstrictor from oxidisationCARRIER MEDIARinger lactate – bestSalineDistal waterIF A QN - weakest part of a needle is HUBCOMPLICATIONS OF LA     a) Syncope     b) Allergy/anaphylaxis     c) Hematoma ( if seen after PSA Block – Pterygoid Plexus of Veins is injured)     d) Toxicity/ complication – due to LA agent itself ie; LIGNOCAINE1st CNS effectsTonic clonic seizuresExcitation followed by depressionNervousnessRx – Diazepam I.V2nd CVS effectsCardiac depression

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