INSTRUMENTSELEVATORSCommonly used intra oral periosteal elevator — 9 moltCommonly used extraction elevator — straight elevatorCommonly used to remove #ed root tip — apexo elevatorCommonly used to remove mandibular # M root tip – crierPRINCIPLE OF ELEVATORSMechanical advantage — wheel and axle principleWedge principle – adjacent tooth should be present          o done for bone dialationLever principle — interdental bone breakage          o Wedging of socket wall not uses elevatorEXTRACTION FORCEPSFor Mandibular 1st M — NO. 11 (a type of cowhorn)For Maxillary anterior – No. 150For Maxillary PMS- NO.1 UNIVERSAL *****For Mandibular anterior and PM — No. 151TISSUE FORCEPSMost commonly used — Addison’s forcepsMost for 3rd M region tissue holding flap — Stills forcepsEpulis fissuratum — Allis forcepsTo hold a tooth that is luxated from socket — Russian forcepsTo raise flap from inner side of upper lip — Metzehaum forcepsSuture forceps after mandibular 3rd M extraction — curved hemostatTo retract cheek and buccal periosteum – Minnesota RetractorFor dentoalveolar # in maxilla (Lefort I) — Roud disimpaction forceps          o (ENGAGE AT HARD PALATE ALONG NASAL FLOOR)Nasomaxillary # in maxilla — Arch forceps or walsham forcepsBONE FILEUsed to remove sharp edges after extractionUsed in ALVEOLOPLASY process for smoothening of bony edges!***SURGICAL BLADES1) BP No.15 blade – most common intra oral surgery**2) No.12 blade – most common periodontal surgery3) No.11 blade – stab incision (I& D)**Most important sign of fracture of mandible is Malocclusion1. QN- Walsham's Forceps: for nasal fracture treatment2. QN Ach’s Forceps For nasal bone straightening3. QN Allis Forceps: to hold tissues prior to excision4. QN Addison Forceps: to hold tissue flap during suturing5. QN Stillis Forceps: It used in the posterior region in mouth where6. QN Addison Forcep cannot reach due to its long length (7 to 9 Inches)7. QN Artery Forceps: to ligate ruptured arteries or arteries planned to be removed8. QN Minnesota retractor: retract flap and cheek together.9. QN Farabeuf Retractor the retractor which retract the flap and the cheek together when doing surgery.

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