SUTURENeedle – 3/8th curved, reverse cutting edge is commonly used in dentistry for perio, surgical extraction etc.Needle should be held at 2/3rd from the tip or 1/3rd from the eyeletIn 3rd M surgery, most commonly used needle holder intra orally — curved hemostat or artery forcepsSUTUTRE MATERIALS:-Most commonly used material intra orally — 3.0 black braided silkResorbableEg: Catgut – 8 days      o Shouldn’t sterilize in autoclave because cattle protein will get denatured      o Sterilize using 70% isopropyl alcohol         ◾ Best % /concentration of alcohol for sterilization purpose      o Normal catgut will completely resorb by 70 days      o Eg: chromium catgut (12-15 days)         ◾ Catgut coated with chromium layer         ◾ Advantages — increase tensile + increase life span         ◾ Main use in oro antral fistula sutureEg: Vicryl       ◾ Made of polyglycolic acidNon – resorbable       ◾ Eg: nylon       ◾ Silk (BBS)       ◾ ProleneBlood clot suture to return blood in its place = figure of 8HEMOSTATa) Gelatin spongeb) Bone waxc) Oxidized cellulose – MOST EFFICIENT**d) d-cotton soaked in epinephrine

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