HistorySmall nuclear reactors originated in the 1950s for military use, such as powering submarines and aircraft carriers. The Enrico Fermi Atomic Power Plant, Unit 1, in Michigan, was an early example, operating from 1963 to 1972. Molten salt reactors (MSRs) also began in the mid-20th century with the Aircraft Reactor Experiment (ARE) and the Molten-Salt Reactor Experiment (MSRE). Micro nuclear reactors, a subset of small modular reactors (SMRs), started with the U.S. Navy's nuclear submarine project in the 1950s.UseSmall nuclear reactors provide flexible, scalable power solutions, ideal for remote locations and areas with limited grid infrastructure. MSRs offer high safety and efficiency, suitable for electricity generation, industrial processes, and desalination. Micro nuclear reactors are designed for rapid deployment and can operate independently of the grid, supporting resilient, non-carbon-emitting power in challenging environments.DevelopmentRecent interest in small nuclear reactors focuses on reducing financial risks and construction times. Companies like NuScale Power and Holtec International are leading with innovative designs. MSRs are advancing in countries like China and Russia, addressing challenges such as hot salt corrosivity. Micro nuclear reactors are being developed by various organizations, including the U.S. Department of Energy, using High-Assay Low-Enriched Uranium (HALEU) for enhanced efficiency and safety.Latest TechnologyAdvancements in nuclear reactor technology aim to enhance safety, efficiency, and scalability. Third-generation reactors, like China's Hualong One, are being deployed to meet clean energy goals. Companies like NANO Nuclear Energy (NNE) are developing systems that integrate microreactors with heat storage units. The U.S. Department of Energy supports advanced reactor designs, including sodium-cooled fast reactors and very high-temperature reactors. MSRs continue to be a research focus, offering benefits for various industrial applications.

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