In this episode, Mark and Andrew dig into the story of the Ringelmann Effect, a phenomenon first observed by French academic Max Ringelmann that suggests that individuals produce less output when they’re in a group. They explore the historical context of Ringelmann's research and compare it with later research that coined the terms ‘social loafing’ and ‘the Sucker effect’. Discussing studies by Ingham, Latane, and Kerr, and their own insights, Mark & Andrew uncover how individual effort can decrease in group settings due to factors like coordination loss, lack of motivation, and perceived fairness. Despite these challenges, the episode demonstrates how teams can still achieve outcomes that individuals never could, as long as there’s proper motivation and shared goals.Chapters00:00 Suckers, Social Loafing and the Ringelmann Effect00:45 Introduction to the Ringelmann Effect01:34 Exploring the Original Ringelmann Paper03:58 Ringelmann's Experiments and Findings08:42 Coordination vs. Motivation in Group Effort18:20 Steiner's research19:10 Extending Ringelmann: Ingham's Rope-Pulling Experiments23:11 Latané et al's research24:47 Latane's Social Loafing Studies28:21 Coordination vs Motivation32:26 Exploring Attribution and Equity35:46 Understanding Overconfidence Bias38:47 The Sucker Effect and Social Loafing47:04 Positive and Negative pulls on team performance48:49 The Role of Motivation in Team Dynamics59:52 Concluding Thoughts on TeamworkResearch cited:Latané, B., Williams, K., & Harkins, S. (1979). Many hands make light the work: The causes and consequences of social loafing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37(6), 822–832 https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1980-30335-001David Kravitz, Barbara Martin (1986). Ringelmann Rediscovered: The Original Article May 1986 Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 50(5):936-941 50(5):936-941 https://psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2F0022-3514.50.5.936Ingham, A. G., Levinger, G., Graves, J., & Peckham, V. (1974). The Ringelmann effect: Studies of group size and group performance. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 10(4), 371–384. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1031(74)90033-XKerr, N. L. (1983). Motivation losses in small groups: A social dilemma analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45(4), 819–828. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.45.4.819Ringelmann, M. Recherches Sur Les Moteurs Animés Travail De L’homme Par Max Ringelmann. Annales de l'Institut national agronomique : administration, enseignement et Institut national agronomique Paris-Grignon (1913) https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k54409695/f14.item.langENSteiner, I. D. (1972). Group process and productivity. Orlando, FL: Academic Press. https://archive.org/details/groupprocessprod0000steiThanks for listening!Music by Tom Farrington

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