So when I think about why some breeds of dogs seem much colder in snow than others, I begin there. Some dogs are bred with full and or double layered coats that can overheat and off set their insulation properties. It’s worth remembering that a lot of breeds like Huskies or Malamutes were bred in cold climes and are built for low temperatures. For other dogs especially those who have short fur, small bodies or both the heat leaks away fast and they can chill quickly, even when there’s just a smattering of snow on the ground.
The temperature outside also matters. A dusting of snow that hovers around freezing degrees isn’t likely to be an issue for most dogs, but once temperature dips below freezing and wind is factored in, even heavy-coated dogs can experience cold over time. Dogs release body heat from their paw pads, ears, and noses. Snow can accumulate in their fur or between their toes, causing discomfort or even frostbite if they’re out for too long.
Dogs, of course, can keep themselves warm with movement, up to a point. A dog who’s not moving or lying down in snow will get colder more quickly. Damp fur from melted snow is even worse, because it compromises an animal’s insulation. Even dogs that are exercising and enjoying themselves in the snow should be monitored for shivering, lifting their paws off the ground or appearing to be hesitant to keep moving.
Some dogs are better equipped for the cold than others, but no dogs are impervious to seasonal conditions. Their breed, size, coat, age and health all determine how long they can comfortably remain outside.

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