Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), the supermassive black hole (SMBH) residing at the dynamical center of the Milky Way, serves as the primary gravitational anchor of the entire system. Confirmed observational data establishes Sgr A* as a black hole with a mass approximating 4 million solar masses, positioned roughly 8 kiloparsecs (kpc) from Earth. Its proximity to the solar system has proven invaluable, allowing high-resolution observations of stellar orbits and gas dynamics in the Galactic Center. These meticulous measurements of stars moving on tight, short-period orbits have enabled direct tests of general relativity (GR), including observable phenomena such as gravitational redshift and orbital precession, under the influence of extreme gravitational fields. This rigorous confirmation of GR in the SMBH environment provides the foundational understanding of Sgr A*’s continuous, binding influence on the galaxy.

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