Welcome to What's it Worth! Join your host Dr. Diana Langworthy, with student co-host Rachel Cohen, as we hit the design dictionary to decode statistical language and simplify estimands and populations. Our expert guest for this episode is Dr. Kylee Funk, Assoiate Professor and Ambulatory Care Pharmacist. We're discussing a trial that compared oral semaglutide with subcutanous liraglutide, GLP-1 agonists, for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.   Key Points Non-inferiority (NI) trials are indicated when there are other effective treatment options or where it would be unethical to expose a group to placebo NI margins are important components to critique when reviewing these trials to determine clinical implications and whether the margin is clinically justifiable  Populations, like Intent to Treat, can sometimes be categorized as Estimands How can I describe Estimands and GLP1 Effectiveness to my preceptor? --> Tune in to find out! References [EPISODE TRIAL] Pratley R, Amod A, Hoff ST, et al.  Oral semaglutide versus subcutaneous liraglutide and placebo in type 2 diabetes (PIONEER 4): a randomised, double-blind, phase 3a trial. The Lancet 2019;394:39-50. Davies M, Pieber TR,  Hartoft-Nielsen ML, et al.  Effect of oral semaglutide compared with placebo and subcutaneous semaglutide on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2017; 318:1460-1470. Karagiannis T, Avgerinos I, Liakos A, et al.  Management of type 2 diabetes with the dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist tirzepatide: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetologia 2022;65(8): 1251-1261. Contact Information Podcast email: [email protected] Host Information Dr. Diana R. Langworthy, PharmD, BCPS Clinical Associate Professor, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy Clinical Pharmacist - Inpatient Internal Medicine, M Health Fairview East Bank Hospital Co-Host Information Rachel Cohen, Student Pharmacist, Class of 2025  University of Minnesota Guest Host Information Dr. Kylee Funk, PharmD, BCACP Associate Professor, Pharmaceutical Care and Health Systems Ambulatory Care Pharmacist University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy

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