Shame and guilt are both self-conscious emotions, but they differ in focus and impact. Guilt arises from a sense of having done something wrong and motivates us to take responsibility and make amends. It focuses on behavior—“I did something bad”—and can be healthy when it leads to growth and empathy. In contrast, shame is the painful feeling that there is something inherently wrong with us—“I am bad.” It targets the self, leading to feelings of worthlessness, withdrawal, and disconnection. While guilt can foster healing, shame often causes emotional harm and isolation if left unaddressed.

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