Journal of Neuroscience April 16, 2025Neural oscillations have been extensively implicated in memory encoding. However, recent advances show that oscillationsare often confounded with aperiodic activity, motivating further investigation of aperiodic dynamics in memory. Here weanalyze a dataset of intracranial human EEG recordings to test the hypothesis that aperiodic activity plays a role in memory,distinct from oscillations. By leveraging a new approach to time-resolved spectral parameterization, we find event-relatedchanges in both oscillations and aperiodic activity. Based on our observations, we posit a speculative role for aperiodic activityin cognition, complementary to that of neural oscillations, in a form of neural communication through aperiodic dynamics.

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