In the late 10th, early 11th century two great men debated the causes of natural phenomena.  One of them was the greatest philosopher of the age, Ibn Sina, who had refined Aristotle's philosophy into a finely honed system.  The other, al-Biruni,  was perhaps the greatest polymath of the age, who invented new fields of study and whose devotion to observation was unparalleled.  In a series of letters the two men clashed over large cosmological questions and everyday phenomena and their exchange stands as one the most important intellectual debates of the age.  Support the showSupport the show: buymeacoffee.com/completehistoryofscience Contact: [email protected]: https://bsky.app/profile/gethinrichards.bsky.socialMusic Credit: Folk Round Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License

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