​​If you’ve been searching for ways to reduce chronic pain and feel like you’ve tried everything—medication, procedures, therapies—but the relief never lasts, this guide is for you. In the final episode of a three-part series from Pain 2 Possibilities, I will walk through why pain becomes stubborn and, more importantly, what you can do about it. Below I’ll summarize and expand on this evidence-based approach so you have a clear, practical plan to reduce chronic pain and reclaim more of your life.1) Why this matters: chronic pain is not just about tissueMany people assume ongoing pain equals ongoing tissue damage. That’s not always true. To reduce chronic pain we need to understand that pain can be a multi-system problem: structural/mechanical, nervous system sensitization, and psychological/social factors. When treatments only address one area, especially just the structural side, pain often persists.  I see many treatments help briefly but not change the long-term trajectory. This is common and points toward nervous system sensitization as a major contributor to stubborn pain.2) What changes when pain becomes chronicDecades of research show living with chronic pain changes the body in measurable ways. These are not “in your head” in a dismissive sense; they are changes in neurobiology, perception, and regulation. Here are some examples to watch for if you want to reduce chronic pain:Altered brain maps: People with chronic pain often struggle to rapidly identify left vs. right side or to draw a limb accurately (common in complex regional pain syndrome).Sensory perception shifts: Body parts can feel “different” to the brain—bigger, smaller, fuzzier—because the brain’s representation has shifted.Regulatory dysfunction: Immune, autonomic, and pain systems become overactive producing unpredictable symptoms.Changed movement patterns: Pain and pain anticipation change how you move. The brain learns protective patterns that can reinforce pain long-term.Recognizing these patterns helps you and your clinician decide if the focus should be on retraining the nervous system to reduce chronic pain—not just fixing tissue or reducing immediate intensity.3) Why many treatments don’t give lasting reliefTo reduce chronic pain you must understand which part of the problem a given treatment actually addresses. I break these into four categories: treatments that change pain intensity, treatments that address structure/mechanics, mind-body approaches, and nervous-system-specific interventions.Pain intensity tools: Analgesics, injections, nerve blocks, TENS. These can lower the immediate volume of pain—like turning down a stereo—but often don’t fix the faulty wiring causing the noise to return.Structural/mechanical treatments: Physiotherapy for joint stability, chiropractic alignment, surgery, weight loss. Essential when the problem is structural—but not sufficient when sensitization drives pain.Mind-body methods: CBT, meditation, journaling, apps like Curable. Useful for addressing thinking, fear, and stress, but alone can fall short when pain pathways are overactive.Nervous system retraining: Education + graded, neuroscience-based drills that directly target the altered neurobiology of chronic pain. 4) Evidence-backed treatments that target the nervous systemWhen the nervous system is involved, evidence-based interventions focus on changing how the brain processes body signals. These methods are designed to rewire and desensitize the nervous system progressively and safely:Pain education: Understanding pain reduces threat and fear. Knowledge changes perception; when you know what is happening and why, your brain can reduce defensive responses.Graded motor imagery (GMI): A sequence of interventions (left-right discrimination, motor imagery, mirror therapy) proven useful in conditions like complex regional pain syndrome and other sensitized states.Sensory discrimination training: Peripheral “bottom-up” work that refines sensory maps—touch labelli...

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