The provided source discusses the evolving landscape of penetration testing, highlighting its shift from a compliance-driven activity to a strategic cybersecurity function. It categorizes and explains various essential tools used in modern penetration tests, covering areas such as network scanning (Nmap, Masscan), vulnerability assessment (Nessus, OpenVAS), and exploitation frameworks (Metasploit, Cobalt Strike). The text also covers web application testing tools (Burp Suite, OWASP ZAP) and credential security tools (John the Ripper, Hashcat), along with those for specialized environments like Active Directory and Wi-Fi. Finally, it emphasizes that a modern penetration test should simulate real-world threats and provide actionable recommendations, positioning companies like PurpleBox as integrating AI with human expertise for comprehensive assessments.

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