"Nothing But Skill" by Jarek Janio argues that education should emphasize skill demonstration and competency rather than traditional metrics like grades and test scores. Janio asserts that all human interactions, particularly in classrooms, rely on observable behaviors which demonstrate underlying skills and competencies. Despite historical skepticism towards behaviorism due to its association with manipulation, the author maintains that education inherently shapes behavior, expecting students to demonstrate learning in approved ways.Faculty often focus on student behavior as indicators of learning, making inferences based solely on observable skills like communication and interaction. Thus, Janio argues, education must intentionally create environments that nurture desirable student behaviors, moving beyond superficial engagement to meaningful skill application. Ultimately, what matters most is the behavior students exhibit at course completion—what they can practically do—not just attendance or participation.Observing skill attainment is essential because skills underpin every human action, from everyday interactions to professional expertise. Educators must themselves possess strong observational and evaluative skills to effectively judge student performance, especially given potential biases or knowledge gaps due to cultural, technological, or disciplinary differences.The author critiques the higher education accountability system based on grades, asserting it inadequately represents students' true abilities. Grades alone cannot clearly indicate whether students possess practical skills such as critical analysis or application. Thus, Janio emphasizes assessments that directly observe skill demonstration, suggesting more nuanced approaches such as essays, presentations, or practical tasks.Skills and competencies, Janio stresses, must also directly relate to students' real lives, empowering them to navigate personal and professional challenges effectively. Skill application can vary significantly among individuals due to different environments, resources, and social backgrounds, highlighting the need for educators to clearly articulate expected skills and outcomes.Janio concludes by advocating for intentional teaching practices aimed at skill empowerment rather than leaving skill acquisition to chance. In today's complex world, students must be explicitly equipped with skills to handle issues like misinformation, technology use, mental health, and identity management. By prioritizing observable and relevant skill demonstration, educators can better prepare students for real-world success beyond the classroom.

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