Entrepreneurs have long been hailed as risk-takers, innovators, and pioneers, driving industries forward with daring visions. But for years, we’ve studied entrepreneurial orientation through a lens focused solely on the firm. What if the entrepreneurial spirit is not just about the company, but also deeply rooted in the individual? What if the drive to innovate, to compete, to take risks, is a personal trait, not just a business strategy?
In today’s episode, we’ll explore this groundbreaking shift in entrepreneurial research. We’ll dive into two fascinating papers: 'Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation: Scale Development and Validation' by Daniel R. Clark, Jeffrey G. Covin, and Robert J. Pidduck, and 'Is It Okay to Study Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) at the Individual Level? Yes!' by the same team along with G. T. Lumpkin. Together, these studies challenge the status quo and open up new pathways to understanding how individuals—entrepreneurs themselves—embody key traits like autonomy, proactiveness, and risk-taking.
As these researchers argue, entrepreneurial orientation doesn’t just belong to organizations—it exists within people. They’ve developed a new scale to measure this individual entrepreneurial orientation (Ind.EO), helping us better understand the very roots of entrepreneurial behavior.
So, what happens when we start measuring entrepreneurship at the individual level? Could this reshape the way we identify, nurture, and support the next generation of innovators? Let’s dive in.

References
Clark, D. R., Covin, J. G., & Pidduck, R. J. (2024). Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation: Scale Development and Validation. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1177/10422587241279900
Clark D. R., Pidduck R. J., Lumpkin G. T., Covin J. G. (2024). Is It Okay to Study Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) at the individual level? Yes! Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 48(1), 349–391. https://doi.org/10.1177/10422587231178885

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