In his analysis of Genesis 32, Speiser focuses on the syntactical elements of the verse, building on A.B. Ehrlich's 1908 interpretation. Speiser agrees with Ehrlich's syntactical understanding but adds that it reflects an Akkadian epistolary formula commonly used in ancient Near Eastern communication. This formula involves addressing a superior as "my lord," and Speiser argues that this detail supports the notion that the message in the verse is intended for Jacob's brother Esau rather than a private prayer to God. Similarly, Robert Alter's study of Genesis 32:5 also delves into the nuances of the text's language, syntax, and semantics. Alter acknowledges F.A. Spoiser's contribution that verifies the text’s formulaic structure as authentic to ancient Near Eastern letters. Further, Alter points out an intriguing irony in how Jacob and Esau are referred to in the text. Jacob uses deferential language, referring to himself as "your servant" and to Esau as "my lord," despite the fact that Jacob is destined to be the 'overlord' to Esau according to earlier oracles and blessings. This irony adds thematic depth to the narrative, pointing out the complex relationship between destiny and current status, as well as providing a richer understanding of the reunion between Jacob and Esau. Both scholars reiterate the critical role of syntax and cultural context in understanding the depth and nuances of the biblical text. They draw attention to the authenticity and complexity of the message structure, demonstrating how the choice of words serves broader thematic purposes, and thus enriching our understanding of this ancient text.
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