Welcome back to Rad Onc Smart Review! This is RadBio Edition, Episode 31: Molecular Techniques (Nucleic Acids & Proteins).In our journey through radiobiology, we've talked a lot about DNA damage, repair, cell cycle, and how radiation impacts these processes. But how do we actually see and measure these molecular events in the lab? Today, we'll explore some of the fundamental tools molecular biologists use to study nucleic acids and proteins – techniques like PCR, various blotting methods, DNA sequencing, RFLP analysis, and assays for detecting DNA strand breaks like the Comet assay and gamma-H2AX foci staining. We'll also touch on ChIP, reporter assays, and the game-changing CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology. These are the workhorses that have allowed us to understand much of what we know about the molecular consequences of radiation and the inner workings of the cell.

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