These sources describe the evolution of Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) in the automotive sector, focusing on the shift from the original AIAG FMEA method to the more recent AIAG-VDA FMEA Handbook. The transition is highlighted as a harmonization effort between American and German automotive industry groups to create a standardized, structured process for risk assessment. Key changes discussed include moving from a numerical Risk Priority Number (RPN) to a criticality-based Action Priority (AP) approach, emphasizing structure-function-failure relationships, and implementing a seven-step methodology. While offering advantages like improved collaboration, enhanced risk analysis, and global consistency, the sources also address implementation challenges related to complexity and customer-specific requirements. Case studies demonstrate the practical application and benefits of the updated framework in both design and manufacturing processes.

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