Avoiding Distress, "Weekday Activities" and "Creative Changes"
Not allowed to cause anyone anguish or emotional distress on Shabbos, e.g. can't share bad news. We don't comfort mourners under most circumstances. We don't fast on Shabbos. Don't even say tehillim for someone unless person is dangerously ill.
Shouldn't play chess with someone if person will become depressed if he loses.
In order to distinguish shabbos from other days,   we are to avoid "weekday activities" - "uvdin dechol".
These are activities that closely resemble the type of thing we would do on a weekday, these activities are ones that would involve a "melacha" - 1 of forbidden types of work.
Some examples:
1) Using a grater. Food can be chopped on shabbos but we shouldn't use a grater as it's an item which is usually associated with a melacha.
2) Hair brush. You can use a brush that you know won't pull out hairs but should designate a special shabbos brush even if your weekday one doesn't pull out hairs.
3) Using a computer example for zoom that's already switched on and you won't switch off after. Note a computer and zoom has other issues involved even when not being touched but would also full under this banner.
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On Shabbos we make the point of ceasing from creative acts. The Rabbis also added certain creative acts themselves.
We can't create a new entity or bring about a dramatic creative change in a substance.
Examples:
1) Crushing ice to water, as that change in substance is similar to a new entity.
2) Can't melt congealed fats to transform into a liquid.
3) Can't infuse a scent into a garment.
4) Not to strike a match on yom tov when it's permissable to make a fire.

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