Recent studies show that a majority of self-identified Christians in the U.S.—about 58%—do not believe the Holy Spirit is a real, living being, but instead see the Holy Spirit as merely a symbol of God’s power, presence, or purity. This trend is even more pronounced among self-identified born-again Christians, with 62% holding this symbolic view. These findings highlight a significant gap between traditional Christian doctrine—which affirms the Holy Spirit as the third person of the Trinity, fully God and personal. Who is the Holy Spirit? How can we know him more?

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