Court’s decision sparks vital debate on the judiciary’s power to order voice samples from witnesses, not just accused persons. The Court firmly held that furnishing a voice sample is merely physical evidence and does not infringe Article 20(3) of the Constitution.Key Takeaways:✅ Magistrates can direct both accused and witnesses to provide voice samples. ✅ Voice sampling is material, not testimonial evidence; Article 20(3) protection does not apply. ✅ Section 349 BNSS (2023) now provides express statutory support. Statutes: ✅ Indian Constitution Article 20(3)✅ Section 349 BNSS, 2023Precedent: Ritesh Sinha v. State of Uttar Pradesh (2019 8 SCC 1)#SupremeCourt #CriminalLaw #VoiceSample #Article20 #BNSS

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