In this episode, we review key updates from the 2025 American Thyroid Association guidelines on surgical management for adult patients with differentiated thyroid cancer.• Surgery by tumor size: lobectomy for small, low risk tumors; total thyroidectomy for larger or advanced tumors• Thyroglossal duct carcinoma: Sistrunk procedure and thyroidectomy for higher risk cases• Central and lateral neck lymph node surgery: therapeutic vs. prophylactic approaches• General surgical principles: avoid overtreatment, preserve thyroid function, and maximize oncologic control• Numbers to remember: tumor sizes, surgical approaches, and key risk based strategies

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