The provided excerpts offer an extensive overview of German-Jewish identity and the complex relationship between Judaism and German culture, primarily through the lens of the humanistic ideal of Bildung (self-cultivation). A central theme is the "and"—the struggle to reconcile being both a Jew and a German, often referred to as a dual identity or bifurcated spirit. The text discusses key figures who grappled with this tension, such as Moses Mendelssohn and the philosopher Franz Rosenzweig, the latter of whom championed a Jewish Renaissance based on affirming Judaism as a living reality while engaging with modern culture. It further explores cultural debates like the Kunstwart debate and the philosophical positions of thinkers like Hermann Cohen and Walter Benjamin, highlighting how the promise of assimilation eventually led many to a renewed sense of Jewish pride and identity commitment, even as the possibility of a "New Babylon" on German soil was tragically aborted by the rise of the Nazis.

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