Key Ideas/Facts:Offensive security complements defensive security:Penetration testing simulates real-world attacks to uncover vulnerabilities:Different penetration test methodologies offer varying levels of attacker knowledge: Social engineering tests assess human vulnerability to manipulation.APTs are long-term, stealthy attacks often motivated by espionage or sabotage:Detecting APTs requires vigilance and attention to unusual network activity: Monitoring user accounts, database activity, and data files for anomalies is crucial in identifying potential APT activity.Tools & Technologies:The source mentions numerous tools commonly used in offensive security and penetration testing, categorized as follows:Network Scanning & Vulnerability Assessment: Nmap, NessusExploitation Frameworks: Metasploit, Cobalt StrikePassword Cracking: John the Ripper, HashcatWeb Application Testing: OWASP ZAP, Burp SuiteSocial Engineering: SET, GophishOperating System: Kali Linux with various specialized tools like Aircrack-ng, SQLmap, and Mimikatz.

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