Why do cultures across the world create music that sounds fundamentally similar? This episode explores the mystery of musical universals, revealing how the shared structures of music emerge from the interaction of physics, biology, and human cognition. From the harmonic series and consonant intervals to the limits of the human voice and auditory system, we examine why certain sounds feel “natural” to us. The discussion also traces music’s evolutionary roots in social bonding and emotional communication, possibly beginning with mother–infant interactions. Despite vast cultural diversity, the universal patterns of music point to a deep and shared human nature.

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