Abstract: This article examines how organizations leverage talent mobility to develop economic complexity—the knowledge network capacity that enables economies to produce diverse, sophisticated goods and services. Drawing on literature from economic geography, organizational science, and knowledge management, it explores how talent mobility drives the diffusion and recombination of productive capabilities across organizational boundaries. Analysis reveals that firms with strategic talent mobility practices demonstrate enhanced innovation capabilities, knowledge spillovers, and resilience to market disruptions. However, these benefits are unevenly distributed, with significant variations by industry, geography, and organizational maturity. The article presents evidence-based strategies for cultivating productive knowledge networks through talent mobility, including capability mapping, cross-functional deployment systems, and strategic diaspora engagement. Organizations that successfully manage these dynamics gain competitive advantage while contributing to broader economic development and complexity in their regions and sectors.

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