Humanity's earliest hominid upright walking ancestors were arboreal, tree dwellers, descending from the safety of trees to forage diverse, patchy environments with wetlands, forests, palm groves, and grass-rich areas, offering a range of resources from arboreal, terrestrial, and aquatic habitats. This ecological diversity likely supported an opportunistic lifestyle, requiring adaptability to both ground and tree-based living. The systematic hunting of large animals arose with the advent of group cooperation along with the forging of sticks and stones into weapons capable of felling prey much bigger, stronger, and quicker than their individual selves. When these proto-human ancestors were under threat themselves, they scurried back to the safety of the trees, their sanctuary from predation.

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