Crime and Punishment is a psychological and philosophical novel centered on Rodion Raskolnikov, a poverty-stricken former student living in St. Petersburg. Convinced that certain "extraordinary" people are justified in transgressing moral laws to achieve greater ends, Raskolnikov murders an old pawnbroker he views as worthless. The act, however, fails to bring liberation—it instead plunges him into a deep spiral of guilt, paranoia, and mental torment. As the investigation unfolds, Raskolnikov struggles with his own conscience more than with the law. The real punishment is psychological, not judicial. His interactions with other characters—particularly Sonia, a compassionate and devout young woman forced into prostitution—force him to confront the consequences of his ideology and ultimately offer a path to spiritual redemption. Dostoevsky uses Raskolnikov's story to critique the dangerous rationalism and utilitarianism of his time, highlighting the necessity of faith, morality, and human empathy. The novel ends with Raskolnikov confessing and being sent to a Siberian prison, where the seeds of his moral rebirth begin to grow.

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