Topics & Organs covered:

Appendages – Definition, types (arms, legs, fins, wings), and their roles in mobility and interaction.
Evolution of Appendages – Adaptive purposes of appendages across species for survival.
Muscle Contraction – Explanation of contraction as a process involving actin and myosin.
Types of Contractions – Voluntary and involuntary muscle actions, with examples.
Vulnerability in Biology and Psychology – Physical and emotional aspects of vulnerability.
Evolutionary Adaptations for Protection – How organisms evolve to protect their vulnerable areas.
Reflex Actions – Explanation of reflexes, including spinal reflexes like the knee-jerk response.
Importance of Reflexes – Role of reflexes in survival and protective mechanisms.
Flinch Response – Overview of flinching as an involuntary response to threat or pain.
Neural Pathways of Flinching – How the nervous system supports rapid flinch reflexes.
Medulla Oblongata – Role of the medulla in controlling basic life functions like breathing.
Brain Hemispheres – Left and right hemispheres and their specialized cognitive functions.
Hemispheric Communication – Corpus callosum and how the hemispheres work together.
Cerebrum Function – Overview of the cerebrum’s role in higher cognitive processes.
Paralysis and its Causes – Causes of paralysis and the impact on physical and daily functioning.

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