I am Lui Forni from UK. As a nephrologist, I can tell you with confidence: sodium is bad for you. If you look at the Yanomami Indians in South America, who have one of the lowest sodium intakes in the world, you'll notice something fascinating. Their systolic blood pressure rarely exceeds 80 mmHg, hypertension is virtually nonexistent, and they almost never die from coronary artery disease. Recently, I was invited to speak about the rationale behind blood purification technologies and techniques—a topic that spans traditional modalities like CVVH (Continuous Veno-Venous Hemofiltration) and CVVHD (Continuous Veno-Venous Hemodialysis), as well as newer, more targeted approaches such as endotoxin-absorbing polymers. It was intended as a broad overview of potential strategies for managing septic shock in critically ill patients. A key area I covered—one that's particularly close to my own clinical interests—involved blood purification in sepsis. The most important takeaway? Understanding this field requires a framework I refer to as the Johari Window, a concept that might sound familiar from Donald Rumsfeld's "known knowns" and "unknown unknowns" speech. Here's how it applies: The known knowns: We know that sepsis and septic shock are highly complex, dysregulated inflammatory conditions. The known unknowns: We don't yet know which patients will truly benefit from blood purification, when to initiate therapy, or how long to continue it. The unknown unknowns: These are the gaps in our understanding we haven't even identified yet—and that's precisely why ongoing research is so essential. Currently, we have what I believe to be the most comprehensive meta-analysis available on this topic—but I can assure you, with recent developments like the EUPHRATES trial, many more studies will be published in the next 6 to 12 months. This is my first time attending the International Fluid Academy Congress, and I have to say—it's a fantastic experience. The atmosphere is interactive, friendly, and intellectually stimulating. Unlike those massive congresses with 6,000 or 7,000 participants, where you often feel like just another face in the crowd, this meeting—with around 500 attendees—makes you feel like a valued member of a vibrant community. It's a great place to connect, collaborate, and discuss cutting-edge science.

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