This is one of the first studies to report on the relationship between mean right atrial pressure and the diameter of the inferior vena cava (IVC) measured during expiration. My name is Professor Vieillard-Baron. I am based in Boulogne, where I serve as the Head of the Intensive Care Unit at the university hospital. My lecture focused on how to evaluate right ventricular (RV) function using echocardiography. I presented several clinical cases to illustrate to attendees how both transthoracic (TTE) and transesophageal (TEE) ultrasound approaches can be used effectively in mechanically ventilated patients. We covered three main objectives: Assessing RV function through echo parameters. Performing diagnostic evaluations—particularly in cases where clots can be visualized in the right heart chambers or pulmonary arteries, which is crucial for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. Using echocardiography in a different but important way: to help adapt ventilator settings based on hemodynamic findings, thereby optimizing respiratory support. This is my second time attending this congress—my first was just last year—and I must say, it's an exciting and highly relevant event. The energy is great, and the level of discussion is impressive. What sets this congress apart is its sharp focus on fluid management in critical care: how to choose the right fluids, how much to give, and when to stop. It provides up-to-date, evidence-based information that is incredibly valuable for managing critically ill patients more effectively.

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