This episode explains VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, a method for predicting the three-dimensional shapes of molecules. The core principle is that electron pairs around a central atom repel each other and arrange themselves as far apart as possible. It outlines a five-step process that distinguishes between electron geometry (the arrangement of all electron pairs) and molecular geometry (the arrangement of only the atoms). They use water and ammonia as examples to show how lone pairs exert more repulsion than bonding pairs, which affects bond angles. They also clarify that multiple bonds count as a single electron pair domain in VSEPR theory, making molecules like carbon dioxide linear.

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