In this episode the concept of limiting reactants is explained, which determines the maximum amount of product that can be formed in a chemical reaction. Using a sandwich analogy, it defines the limiting reactant as the substance that runs out first. It outlines a method for identifying it: calculate the potential product yield for each reactant, and the one that yields the least product is the limiting reactant. All subsequent calculations for product yield or remaining excess reactants must be based on the limiting reactant. The episode provides examples and a systematic approach to solving these problems, highlighting the importance of this concept in real-world chemistry.

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