This episode explores the story of the printing press, invented by Johannes Gutenberg in the mid-15th century, and how it transformed the spread of knowledge. Before the press, manuscripts were copied by hand, limiting access to books and keeping literacy confined to elites. Gutenberg’s movable type and oil-based ink allowed for mass production, with the famous Gutenberg Bible marking the dawn of a new era.The impact was profound: the Reformation spread rapidly, the Scientific Revolution flourished through shared discoveries, and political discourse expanded through pamphlets and newspapers. Literacy rates soared as books became affordable, reshaping education and culture.The press also standardized languages, democratized ideas, and challenged authorities who tried to censor printed works. It laid the foundation for journalism, literature, and the modern information society.In many ways, the printing press was the first information revolution, a parallel to today’s digital age—reminding us that new communication technologies always bring upheaval, but also opportunity.

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