Special Relativity (1905):Introduce Albert Einstein’s first major breakthrough: the Theory of Special Relativity.Key Concepts:The Speed of Light is Constant: In all inertial frames of reference, the speed of light is the same, regardless of the motion of the observer or light source.Time Dilation: Moving clocks tick more slowly compared to stationary ones (example: astronauts traveling at near-light speed).Length Contraction: Objects moving at high speeds appear contracted along the direction of motion.E=mc²: Mass and energy are interchangeable (the famous equation).Examples: GPS satellites must account for time dilation due to their relative motion to Earth.

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