[Radiologic Physics] Ep 9 – Transformers

This episode examines transformers — electromagnetic devices that modify voltage and current in AC circuits without converting electrical energy to another form. Prof. Arya covers the principle of mutual induction, the three structural types — closed core, autotransformer, and shell type — and how each design affects efficiency and application in clinical equipment.The turns ratio is developed through worked calculations using the transformer voltage and current laws, showing how step-up transformers drive kilovoltage x-ray production while step-down transformers supply the low voltage needed to heat the filament circuit. The episode closes with transformer efficiency — examining copper loss, eddy currents, and hysteresis, and the engineering solutions that minimize each.This episode aligns with the Safety content category — Radiation Physics and Radiobiology subcategory — of the ARRT Radiography Examination Content Specifications.Audio content is adapted from original instructional material developed by Professor Sanjay Arya, M.S., R.T.(R)(MR) for radiologic technology education. Part of the Radiologic Physics series — Quantum Imaging Lab.© 2026 Quantum Imaging Lab. All rights reserved.