Groin bulges, scrotal swelling, and nonpalpable testes are findings that often surface during routine well-child exams, and they can raise immediate questions for pediatricians and families alike. Is this normal? Will it resolve on its own? Or does it require surgical referral? In this episode, we take a closer look at three common genitourinary conditions in children: inguinal hernias, hydroceles, and undescended testes. We diagnose the details to help clarify the evaluation process, management strategies, and referral guidelines that every pediatrician should know.  This episode was recorded on the exhibit floor at the 2025 American Academy of Pediatrics Conference in Denver, Colorado. Joining us is Eric Bortnick, MD. He is a Urologist and Assistant Professor of Urology at the Yale School of Medicine.   Some highlights from this episode include:  How common these conditions are in the pediatric population  When pediatricians can make a difference in these patients lives, versus when referral is really necessary.  Key takeaways to performing a successful physical exam  Creating a safe space for proper diagnosis  For more information on Children's Colorado, visit: childrenscolorado.org. 

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