Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) relies on inert gases to prevent oxidation of reactive metals, which can weaken 3D-printed parts. Existing integrated oxygen sensors in LPBF machines lack sufficient accuracy and stability for producing high-quality components. To address this, a new standalone module with three galvanic fuel cell oxygen sensors has been developed. Each sensor operates within a specific oxygen concentration range (10,000 ppm, 1,000 ppm, and 10 ppm), activated sequentially to provide precise readings. This system uses solenoid valves and pumps to control gas flow and ensure accurate oxygen level monitoring via a standard KF-40 fitting.

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